跑馬地獸醫:
hvvets@hvvc.corp.com.hk
Tel: 2572 0977
何大成 - 骨科老獸醫: 要求他為狗狗連皮下線, 以免狗狗咬走了線
蔡嘉鋒Timothy - 細心而收費平的有為青年獸醫.
JESSIE的手術非常成功.
2011年5月6日星期五
Pet Test : Cats & Dogs
http://petdiabetes.wikia.com/wiki/Laboratory_test
FeLV/FIV Test for CatsEdit
The test for Feline Leukemia (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) can be done in-house as an ELISA snap test. Any incoming cat should be tested for these two diseases before they have contact with your cats. Both of these viruses have been successful in getting into the cat population because cats may become infected and transmit the virus to others before ever appearing sick. Please note that you may get a false negative on these tests if the animal was exposed to the virus less than 3 months (some say 6 months) before the test. It takes a while for antibody for FIV and for FeLV antigen to show up in the bloodstream.
Reticulocyte CountEdit
This is a test that is done when anemia (low hematocrit value) is seen in the CBC. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells. When there is acute anemia, the animal's body tries to maintain the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by releasing immature blood cells. A high reticulocyte count means that the animal is trying to get back to a normal RBC count. A low/normal reticulocyte count means that the anemic state may be chronic; the body has adjusted to the presence of fewer RBCs and isn't in emergency mode.
TLI, B12, FolateEdit
This test is actually for three separate things but labs often group them together as part of an intestinal profile. These tests are recommended for animals with a history of intestinal disease. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test gives info about the state of pancreatic function and the severity small intestine disease. An elevated TLI indicates (but is not diagnostic for) either or both pancreatitis and chronic small intestine disease. A decreased TLI indicates something called "Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency" (EPI) which is extremely rare in cats but sometimes seen in dogs, especially German Shepherds. See the further discussion of the TLI test at the Antech link below[16].
B12 and folate are both vitamins that must be adsorbed in the intestines. (Cobalamin is another name for B12.) In cases of chronic intestinal disease, the intestinal walls may not be able to adsorb these two vitamins properly. They are both essential vitamins and deficiencies in either one can cause problems. A low result of either one warrants supplementation. On its own, though, it is also not diagnostic for intestinal disease.
This test group is usually run in cases of suspected intestinal problems like irritable bowel disease (IBD) or small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and when pancreatitis is suspected. The pancreas is easily affected by inflammation in the gut and the liver and this may shed some light on the origin of the inflammation. Pancreatitis in cats is often found as a complex of inflammation from IBD in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pancreas, and liver.
Antech has more information[17] about this test group.
PLIEdit
The pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) test is the definitive test for pancreatitis in cats and dogs. There are separate tests for canines (cPLI) and felines (fPLI). The test looks for lipase that is specifically from the pancreas; in normal chemistry panels the lipase recorded may be from organs other than the pancreas. Remember what pancreatitis means, though: inflammation of the pancreas. Because pancreatitis is so often idiopathic (who-knows-why) in cats, it's easy to forget that in some cases the cause may be found and other testing can provide clues. In dogs, there is a strong case between diet (especially dietary indiscretions) and acute pancreatitis.
See the futher discussion at the article on pancreatitis.
Serum FructosamineEdit
The serum fructosamine test measures a protein complex found in the blood that's a reflection of blood glucose (BG) levels of the past 2 weeks (or so). This is a useful diagnostic test in cats as they are extremely prone to "stress hyperglycemia"; many non-diabetic cats will show BGs up to and over 200 when their blood is taken at the vet. Because the lab keeps the serum for a few days after they run the tests, your vet can call in for a fructosamine test to rule out diabetes.
Whether or not fructosamine has any value in pets whose BG levels are tested at home is debatable. It does have a place if you are not doing or are unable to do curves. The fructosamine gives you an average: let's say your pet is a bit fractious and you struggle to get your pre-shot tests done twice a day. You're getting great numbers and you think all is well. You should have a nice, low-end fructosamine, right? You might, but if your pet is skyrocketing in between shots the fructosamine will show you that all is not well. That's why spot-checks at home are important, too.
See also the separate article on fructosamine.
FIPEdit
The test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a general test in felines for a family of viruses known as coronaviruses. (Some labs may call it an FCV test.) It is not specific for FIP, nor is there total agreement on how FIP develops. (Read up on the current thinking at the Merck link below[18].) The only useful result is a negative one, meaning your cat has never been exposed to coronavirus. In cats with an obvious infection going on and you can't find any answers, you sometimes expand the search and test for everything you can. Some vets feel strongly that the FIP test is a waste of money and pretty worthless overall.
Toxoplasmosis IgG, IgMEdit
Toxoplasmosis is a protozoa most famous for being found in cat excrement. This is the reason that pregnant women are told not to clean the litterbox; toxoplasmosis can be transmitted to humans through the feces and cause birth defects. Note that you have to have direct (hand to mouth) contact with toxoplasmosis to contract it. Humans are much more likely to contract it from poorly cooked meat. Cats are great carriers of toxoplasmosis: they contract it easily and it's rare that they get clinically ill. Signs of toxoplasmosis infection in cats include lethargy, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, and may even cause some neurological problems. The test is usually done to screen cats for placement with people who are immunosuppressed (for example, with HIV) and also if a cat shows symptoms, especially neurological signs. It is a titer test--the IgG and IgM refer to the antibodies screened for in the titer.
Toxoplasmosis rarely affects dogs.
CryptococcusEdit
Cryptococcus is a fungus that may be shed in bird feces. When cats become infected with this fungus, it can manifest itself in various ways. Many cats develop nasal/respiratory symptoms like snorting, sneezing, and thick nasal discharge as well as have symptoms of general illness such as depression, poor appetite, and lethargy. The fungus may move on to infect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological symptoms such as behavior changes, twitching, and anisocoria (when the pupils of the eyes aren't dilated evenly). In dogs, the symptoms are usually neurological and the prognosis may be guarded.
Though not seen very frequently on the east coast of the US, cryptococcus does appear throughout the country. If you have an animal exhibiting a cold that won't go away (and, if it’s a cat, have tested for FeLV and FIV), or a sudden onset of neurological symptoms, consider testing for cryptococcus. Many vets aren't used to hearing about it or testing for it so you may have to suggest this. It's thought that the fungus is more difficult to get rid of once it has moved onto the CNS so if you have reason to suspect it, go ahead and test. You needn’t do it as a general test on every stray you find with an upper respiratory infection (URI), but should would consider it if the URI was unresponsive to treatment or if there were other respiratory symptoms. See Merck[19] for an overview.
Please note that there is an intestinal protozoan parasite called cryptosporidium. This is related to coccidia, mentioned above. It is not related to cryptococcus.
HeartwormEdit
Heartworm[20] is transmitted by mosquitoes. Dogs seem to be the best host of heartworm and are the most-frequently affected animal. Many vets are now testing cats for heartworm, a traditional disease of dogs. Research has shown that cats are more resistant to infection due to an extremely vigorous immune response but many vets think that it may be more prevalent than previously thought. In dogs, the screening test is available as an ELISA snap test and can be done in house. Elisa kits are proven handy and efficient.
For cats, heartworm testing is more tricky. The heartworm Ag test looks for antibodies to heartworm; it is a titer test[21]. If the antibody test comes up positive, other testing is done to try to determine if the cat was exposed and beat the heartworm or if the infection remains[22]. Heartworm in cats carries a grave prognosis. The symptoms may mimic feline asthma which is another reason to do x-rays when asthma is suspected, especially for cats at high risk for exposure. Heartworm is much more prevalent in warmer climates where mosquitoes breed year-round.
FeLV/FIV Test for CatsEdit
The test for Feline Leukemia (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) can be done in-house as an ELISA snap test. Any incoming cat should be tested for these two diseases before they have contact with your cats. Both of these viruses have been successful in getting into the cat population because cats may become infected and transmit the virus to others before ever appearing sick. Please note that you may get a false negative on these tests if the animal was exposed to the virus less than 3 months (some say 6 months) before the test. It takes a while for antibody for FIV and for FeLV antigen to show up in the bloodstream.
Reticulocyte CountEdit
This is a test that is done when anemia (low hematocrit value) is seen in the CBC. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells. When there is acute anemia, the animal's body tries to maintain the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by releasing immature blood cells. A high reticulocyte count means that the animal is trying to get back to a normal RBC count. A low/normal reticulocyte count means that the anemic state may be chronic; the body has adjusted to the presence of fewer RBCs and isn't in emergency mode.
TLI, B12, FolateEdit
This test is actually for three separate things but labs often group them together as part of an intestinal profile. These tests are recommended for animals with a history of intestinal disease. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test gives info about the state of pancreatic function and the severity small intestine disease. An elevated TLI indicates (but is not diagnostic for) either or both pancreatitis and chronic small intestine disease. A decreased TLI indicates something called "Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency" (EPI) which is extremely rare in cats but sometimes seen in dogs, especially German Shepherds. See the further discussion of the TLI test at the Antech link below[16].
B12 and folate are both vitamins that must be adsorbed in the intestines. (Cobalamin is another name for B12.) In cases of chronic intestinal disease, the intestinal walls may not be able to adsorb these two vitamins properly. They are both essential vitamins and deficiencies in either one can cause problems. A low result of either one warrants supplementation. On its own, though, it is also not diagnostic for intestinal disease.
This test group is usually run in cases of suspected intestinal problems like irritable bowel disease (IBD) or small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and when pancreatitis is suspected. The pancreas is easily affected by inflammation in the gut and the liver and this may shed some light on the origin of the inflammation. Pancreatitis in cats is often found as a complex of inflammation from IBD in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pancreas, and liver.
Antech has more information[17] about this test group.
PLIEdit
The pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) test is the definitive test for pancreatitis in cats and dogs. There are separate tests for canines (cPLI) and felines (fPLI). The test looks for lipase that is specifically from the pancreas; in normal chemistry panels the lipase recorded may be from organs other than the pancreas. Remember what pancreatitis means, though: inflammation of the pancreas. Because pancreatitis is so often idiopathic (who-knows-why) in cats, it's easy to forget that in some cases the cause may be found and other testing can provide clues. In dogs, there is a strong case between diet (especially dietary indiscretions) and acute pancreatitis.
See the futher discussion at the article on pancreatitis.
Serum FructosamineEdit
The serum fructosamine test measures a protein complex found in the blood that's a reflection of blood glucose (BG) levels of the past 2 weeks (or so). This is a useful diagnostic test in cats as they are extremely prone to "stress hyperglycemia"; many non-diabetic cats will show BGs up to and over 200 when their blood is taken at the vet. Because the lab keeps the serum for a few days after they run the tests, your vet can call in for a fructosamine test to rule out diabetes.
Whether or not fructosamine has any value in pets whose BG levels are tested at home is debatable. It does have a place if you are not doing or are unable to do curves. The fructosamine gives you an average: let's say your pet is a bit fractious and you struggle to get your pre-shot tests done twice a day. You're getting great numbers and you think all is well. You should have a nice, low-end fructosamine, right? You might, but if your pet is skyrocketing in between shots the fructosamine will show you that all is not well. That's why spot-checks at home are important, too.
See also the separate article on fructosamine.
FIPEdit
The test for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a general test in felines for a family of viruses known as coronaviruses. (Some labs may call it an FCV test.) It is not specific for FIP, nor is there total agreement on how FIP develops. (Read up on the current thinking at the Merck link below[18].) The only useful result is a negative one, meaning your cat has never been exposed to coronavirus. In cats with an obvious infection going on and you can't find any answers, you sometimes expand the search and test for everything you can. Some vets feel strongly that the FIP test is a waste of money and pretty worthless overall.
Toxoplasmosis IgG, IgMEdit
Toxoplasmosis is a protozoa most famous for being found in cat excrement. This is the reason that pregnant women are told not to clean the litterbox; toxoplasmosis can be transmitted to humans through the feces and cause birth defects. Note that you have to have direct (hand to mouth) contact with toxoplasmosis to contract it. Humans are much more likely to contract it from poorly cooked meat. Cats are great carriers of toxoplasmosis: they contract it easily and it's rare that they get clinically ill. Signs of toxoplasmosis infection in cats include lethargy, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, and may even cause some neurological problems. The test is usually done to screen cats for placement with people who are immunosuppressed (for example, with HIV) and also if a cat shows symptoms, especially neurological signs. It is a titer test--the IgG and IgM refer to the antibodies screened for in the titer.
Toxoplasmosis rarely affects dogs.
CryptococcusEdit
Cryptococcus is a fungus that may be shed in bird feces. When cats become infected with this fungus, it can manifest itself in various ways. Many cats develop nasal/respiratory symptoms like snorting, sneezing, and thick nasal discharge as well as have symptoms of general illness such as depression, poor appetite, and lethargy. The fungus may move on to infect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological symptoms such as behavior changes, twitching, and anisocoria (when the pupils of the eyes aren't dilated evenly). In dogs, the symptoms are usually neurological and the prognosis may be guarded.
Though not seen very frequently on the east coast of the US, cryptococcus does appear throughout the country. If you have an animal exhibiting a cold that won't go away (and, if it’s a cat, have tested for FeLV and FIV), or a sudden onset of neurological symptoms, consider testing for cryptococcus. Many vets aren't used to hearing about it or testing for it so you may have to suggest this. It's thought that the fungus is more difficult to get rid of once it has moved onto the CNS so if you have reason to suspect it, go ahead and test. You needn’t do it as a general test on every stray you find with an upper respiratory infection (URI), but should would consider it if the URI was unresponsive to treatment or if there were other respiratory symptoms. See Merck[19] for an overview.
Please note that there is an intestinal protozoan parasite called cryptosporidium. This is related to coccidia, mentioned above. It is not related to cryptococcus.
HeartwormEdit
Heartworm[20] is transmitted by mosquitoes. Dogs seem to be the best host of heartworm and are the most-frequently affected animal. Many vets are now testing cats for heartworm, a traditional disease of dogs. Research has shown that cats are more resistant to infection due to an extremely vigorous immune response but many vets think that it may be more prevalent than previously thought. In dogs, the screening test is available as an ELISA snap test and can be done in house. Elisa kits are proven handy and efficient.
For cats, heartworm testing is more tricky. The heartworm Ag test looks for antibodies to heartworm; it is a titer test[21]. If the antibody test comes up positive, other testing is done to try to determine if the cat was exposed and beat the heartworm or if the infection remains[22]. Heartworm in cats carries a grave prognosis. The symptoms may mimic feline asthma which is another reason to do x-rays when asthma is suspected, especially for cats at high risk for exposure. Heartworm is much more prevalent in warmer climates where mosquitoes breed year-round.
2011年2月16日星期三
寵物保險 : 藍十字 vs RSA皇家太陽聯合
寵物保險 藍十字收費平
2009年08月31日
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20090831&sec_id=15307&subsec_id=2911743&art_id=13156667
內容: 較早前，藝人吳鎮宇飼養的秋田犬，失常咬死鄰居的約瑟爹利小狗。事後吳鎮宇家人要道歉賠錢，更可能面對漁護署檢控。其實飼養寵物，除了要付出無比愛心，還要負擔不少費用，包括醫療開支等，若寵物主人事前購買了寵物保險，便可減低有關損失。
記者：余美玉
市面上寵物保險不多，只有藍十字及皇家太陽聯合有此類保險計劃，而且主要承保貓和犬隻，其中藍十字保費較相宜，皇家太陽聯合保障額較高。就吳鎮宇愛犬咬死鄰居小狗事件，屬第三者責任，即因寵物引致第三者財物損毀，或身體傷亡的法律責任索償。就此保障而言，皇家太陽聯合保額最高達 100萬元，藍十字最高保額為 50萬元，每宗索償之自負額，分別為 2000元及 3000元。
不過寵物保險的保費不比人類保險便宜，個別計劃更會按寵物的年齡及種類而調整。藍十字提供 3款不同保額的保險計劃，保費由 988元至 2480元（表 1），最高投保年齡為 8歲，貓狗同價，其間保費或會因索償紀錄而調整。假設投保最便宜的計劃 C，寵物 8歲後，每年保費由 988元調高至 1235元。
皇家太陽聯合之寵物投保年齡，貓狗上限分別為 12歲及 9歲，保費按年調整，狗隻更按品種收費，不過寵物年紀越大，不代表保費越貴，假設為 1歲金毛尋回犬投保普通計劃，每年保費需 2916元，但 6歲時只收 2770.2元，皇家太陽聯合保險代理解釋，因貓狗於小時候抵抗力較弱，而 6、 7歲時正值壯年，故收費較平。
對主人而言，飼養寵物最大開支為醫療費用，故寵物保險保障亦針對診金、藥費，藍十字發言人指出，最常見的索償項目為門診費用，病症多為皮膚病、耳朵及眼睛毛病，保障金額則按個別計劃而定。計劃 C提供的獸醫門診及藥費保障每次各 200元，每年限睇 15次。皇家太陽聯合計劃Ⅰ每次醫藥費最高賠償額 600元，一年有 20次索償限額，較藍十字高（表 2）。
貓狗亦有機會做手術，皇家太陽聯合計劃Ⅰ就每次意外或疾病，提供最高 8800元賠償額，每年上限 4.4萬元，當中包括住院費、手術費及麻醉費等。藍十字基本計劃未有提供此項保障，而較高級的計劃 B，分別提供每日 120元住院費，及每年最多 8000元手術費索償額。
另要留意，皇家太陽聯合多項保障均設自負額，由索償金額 5%至 15%，藍十字除第三者責任外，並無其他自負額。
本地慈善團體動物伴我行會社（ CAF）發言人表示，寵物主人如計劃為寵物購買保險，一定要清楚保障條款與細則，如寵物的年齡、品種是否受保，及其保障範圍。她指出，動物一旦生病須做手術或照 X光，很多時要注射麻醉藥，這方面開支會因應動物重量計算，由 1000元至數千元，故萬一寵物急於做手術或治療，寵物保險可即時發揮作用，以免寵物因失救致死。
攻擊性犬隻不受保
•現時兩保險公司均只承保貓及部份犬隻，而較有攻擊性的品種如比得鬥牛犬、阿根廷杜告犬、巴西非拉犬及日本佐太犬等均不受保
•所有受保寵物必須植入晶片以作識別，以及作定期防疫注射
•投保多隻寵物有折扣，由 10至 30%不等
•不保寵物於投保前已存在的傷患
2009年08月31日
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20090831&sec_id=15307&subsec_id=2911743&art_id=13156667
內容: 較早前，藝人吳鎮宇飼養的秋田犬，失常咬死鄰居的約瑟爹利小狗。事後吳鎮宇家人要道歉賠錢，更可能面對漁護署檢控。其實飼養寵物，除了要付出無比愛心，還要負擔不少費用，包括醫療開支等，若寵物主人事前購買了寵物保險，便可減低有關損失。
記者：余美玉
市面上寵物保險不多，只有藍十字及皇家太陽聯合有此類保險計劃，而且主要承保貓和犬隻，其中藍十字保費較相宜，皇家太陽聯合保障額較高。就吳鎮宇愛犬咬死鄰居小狗事件，屬第三者責任，即因寵物引致第三者財物損毀，或身體傷亡的法律責任索償。就此保障而言，皇家太陽聯合保額最高達 100萬元，藍十字最高保額為 50萬元，每宗索償之自負額，分別為 2000元及 3000元。
不過寵物保險的保費不比人類保險便宜，個別計劃更會按寵物的年齡及種類而調整。藍十字提供 3款不同保額的保險計劃，保費由 988元至 2480元（表 1），最高投保年齡為 8歲，貓狗同價，其間保費或會因索償紀錄而調整。假設投保最便宜的計劃 C，寵物 8歲後，每年保費由 988元調高至 1235元。
皇家太陽聯合之寵物投保年齡，貓狗上限分別為 12歲及 9歲，保費按年調整，狗隻更按品種收費，不過寵物年紀越大，不代表保費越貴，假設為 1歲金毛尋回犬投保普通計劃，每年保費需 2916元，但 6歲時只收 2770.2元，皇家太陽聯合保險代理解釋，因貓狗於小時候抵抗力較弱，而 6、 7歲時正值壯年，故收費較平。
對主人而言，飼養寵物最大開支為醫療費用，故寵物保險保障亦針對診金、藥費，藍十字發言人指出，最常見的索償項目為門診費用，病症多為皮膚病、耳朵及眼睛毛病，保障金額則按個別計劃而定。計劃 C提供的獸醫門診及藥費保障每次各 200元，每年限睇 15次。皇家太陽聯合計劃Ⅰ每次醫藥費最高賠償額 600元，一年有 20次索償限額，較藍十字高（表 2）。
貓狗亦有機會做手術，皇家太陽聯合計劃Ⅰ就每次意外或疾病，提供最高 8800元賠償額，每年上限 4.4萬元，當中包括住院費、手術費及麻醉費等。藍十字基本計劃未有提供此項保障，而較高級的計劃 B，分別提供每日 120元住院費，及每年最多 8000元手術費索償額。
另要留意，皇家太陽聯合多項保障均設自負額，由索償金額 5%至 15%，藍十字除第三者責任外，並無其他自負額。
本地慈善團體動物伴我行會社（ CAF）發言人表示，寵物主人如計劃為寵物購買保險，一定要清楚保障條款與細則，如寵物的年齡、品種是否受保，及其保障範圍。她指出，動物一旦生病須做手術或照 X光，很多時要注射麻醉藥，這方面開支會因應動物重量計算，由 1000元至數千元，故萬一寵物急於做手術或治療，寵物保險可即時發揮作用，以免寵物因失救致死。
攻擊性犬隻不受保
•現時兩保險公司均只承保貓及部份犬隻，而較有攻擊性的品種如比得鬥牛犬、阿根廷杜告犬、巴西非拉犬及日本佐太犬等均不受保
•所有受保寵物必須植入晶片以作識別，以及作定期防疫注射
•投保多隻寵物有折扣，由 10至 30%不等
•不保寵物於投保前已存在的傷患
2011年1月28日星期五
狗狗 - 積羅素 - 介紹
Jack Russell Terrier是Fox-working dogs的一種。Terrier這詞原是法文；意解"earth dog - 洞穴的狗"，源自1400-1500年，中世紀拉丁文Terarius，及 Terra(Terrace)；洞穴(earth)的意思，因為以挖掘動物的洞穴為狩獵 - 是最能貼切地形容他們本來的功能。
Jack Russell Terrier 品種的名字是取自一位英國人的名字 – Reverend John Russell
Jack Russell Terrier 也是古代Fox-Terriers或稱Fox-working dogs的一種，而Fox-Terrier的血統源自另一已絕種的White Terrier品種。
一位牧師Reverend John Russell (1795-1883) 生活於英國Devonshire。他自少愛好打獵也愛繁殖狗隻，他特別喜歡狩獵狐狸，也喜歡帶同他的獵狐犬white-bodied fox-working dogs一起，但他仍然希望得到另一更合適，需要同時擁有堅韌、膽量、智慧及充滿活力的品種。
在1819年當他仍在牛津大學讀書時，他夢寐以求的一隻狗終於出現了，他向一位牛奶商人買下一隻white-bodied fox-working dogs的雌犬，改名”Trump”，在他的眼中是一隻十分理想的terrier，亦是日後他繁殖這品種的基礎，但混上什麼其他品種就沒有記載。她的身型就像一隻雌狐，貼身、厚而略帶硬的毛，白色身軀啡色耳，每隻眼睛也被啡色覆蓋，連尾巴連接身體的位置也有不大於一個硬幣的啡色，到現在仍有一張Trump的畫像，掛在英格蘭諾福克郡皇家官邸裡，但根據其他資料顯示，繪畫這畫的人是Edward VII - Prince of Wales，當時Trump已死去40年，而且繪畫的人從未見過Trump。
John Russell也是英國最早成立的狗會England's Kennel Club的創立人之一，成立於1873年。盡管他於1874年為現代的Fox Terriers於狗展中作鑑定，但他仍從未展示過他自己擁有的狗，即今天被命名為Jack Russell Terriers的品種，當時他已繁殖了56年。多年後Jack Russell Terrier仍然保持為工作犬，而只在狗展中展示的Terrier品種後來就成為我們認識的Fox Terrier。
儘管他們的體型細小，有一點你永遠都要記住，他們仍然帶著狩獵和工作的血統，所以他們本身是充滿高能量(high-energy)的狗，而積羅素更擁有著極高能量(ultra-high-energy)。如果你有幾會從小就養育你的積羅素，必須要盡早給予他們群體生活的機會及認識其他狗和其他小動物。否則長大後好有可能會出現侵略行為，緊記，他們是帶著狩獵的本性。
很多人覺得積羅素身型細小，同其他小型狗一樣，讓他們在屋內自由行動，或簡單地追逐發聲玩具，又或是讓他到公園跑一跑，就能滿足他們的需要，然而因為他們是充滿極高能量的狗，更多的運動才能滿足他們的精神生活，否則就會出現神經過敏及困擾人的行為，這亦是導致很多積羅素被棄養的原因之一。
(From 麥皮梳打爸)
介紹積羅素本性的影片:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5kB2_-35bY&feature=related
(上圖是飛比的愛犬)
2010年11月27日星期六
狗糧 : 新陳記 vs APE
[1] 新陳記 http://www.sckpet.com/
VS
[2] APE http://www.apepet.com/
在展貿的展覽買了:
- Eukanuba Adult Maintenance : 15KG @ $374
- Royal Canin Medium Adult : M25 @ $352
- Hill's Nature's Best Dry Food Adult (Lamb & Brown Rice) : 15 lb @ $357
送了一個20kg容量大的糧箱, 可放30kg 糧.
VS
[2] APE http://www.apepet.com/
在展貿的展覽買了:
- Eukanuba Adult Maintenance : 15KG @ $374
- Royal Canin Medium Adult : M25 @ $352
- Hill's Nature's Best Dry Food Adult (Lamb & Brown Rice) : 15 lb @ $357
送了一個20kg容量大的糧箱, 可放30kg 糧.
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